Bolivia

Bolivia, a magical encounter with pre-Columbian America

When you visit Bolivia you travel through time to a rich pre-Columbian culture mixed with that of the Spanish. Its cities, of which the majority have been declared Patrimonios de la Humanidad, (humanities inheritances), conserve a certain architectural beauty that together with the magical landscape, transport us to a time of the early South American civilizations. 

Bolivia is a land-locked country in the heart of South America and boasts some of the highest cities on the continent and in the world. It touches Brazil to the north and east, Argentina to the south, Peru to the west, Paraguay to the southeast, and Chile to the southwest.

Its geography consists of beautiful, spectacular landscapes. Due to its diverse climate it is easy to differentiate the geographic regions of Bolivia.

The High Plateau is the most densely populated and highest region of Bolivia. Inhabited areas reach heights of 3,500 to 4,000 m (11,480 to 13,120 ft), but the maximum heights correspond to the peaks of the Cordillera Real (Royal Mountain Chain) and Western mountain chain. One such peak is the Nevado Sajama (snow-capped Sajama) that measures 6,452 m (21,162 ft) above sea-level.  

Lake Titicaca, the most beautiful and the second largest lake in South America, is located in this high plateau region. Visit and appreciate the wonder of the Salt Deposit of Uyuni, the largest salt bed in the world comprised of significant quantities of potassium, boron, and magnesium, and one of the main reserves of Litio. La Paz, the highest capital city in the world, is the center for commerce, finance, and industry in Bolivia and at the present time is the seat of government.

The High Valleys are situated to the south and east of the High Plateau. It is one of the most inhabitable regions in Bolivia because of the optimum climate and fertile ground. The hero of Bolivia's regions is the Central Mountain Chain, where its hills and valleys make way for intense agriculture. The largest concentration of Bolivia's population is found in the cities of Cochabamba, Sucre, the constitutional capital of the Republic of Bolivia, Potosí and Tarija. The people in these cities enjoy a perfect Mediterranean-like climate, except for the population of Potosí, which experiences a less favorable climate because of its location between the central mountains and the high plateau. 

The Yungas (warm valleys) are situated to the north and east of Cochabamba and La Paz, where the Andes end and the valleys of the Amazon begin. These warm valleys are given their name for their location right in between the dry high plateau and the humid low lands. Vegetation here is abundant in tropical fruit, coffee, sugar, coca leaves, cacao, vegetables, and tobacco grows easily, due to the almost completely vertical inclination of the Royal Mountain Chain and Quimsa Cruz, which serves as the canyon for the cloudy skies that provoke constant precipitation. In this valley, the city of Santa Cruz boasts what is considered to be the best airport in the country since the city is located at a height of only 417 m (1,367 ft). This has allowed Santa Cruz to become the main doorway to Bolivia.  

The Low Lands, to the north and east of Bolivia, comprise almost 60% of the entire territory. It is a hot, flat, and barely populated region. A vastly vegetated area that embraces Beni, Pando, and the north and east of Santa Cruz, is the only break in this region's landscape. The Jesuit Missions, a circuit of Jesuits that live in the low lands of eastern Bolivia, refers to an indigenous region where Spanish Jesuits developed a greater part of their evangelistic outreach during the colonial period. Also in this region we find the incomparable beauty and wide variety of species of flora and fauna still intact in their natural habitat in the Noel Kempff Mercado National Park. Madidi National Park, one of the world's largest biologically diverse reserves, and the Bolivian Pantanal (marshland), of greatest biological importance due to the forests untouched by government control, are also found in the low lands region.  

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